Batik is one way of making fabric. Besides batik can refer to two things. The first is the technique of coloring cloth using the night to prevent staining part of the fabric. In the international literature, this technique is known as a wax-resist dyeing. The second notion is a fabric or clothing made with these techniques, including the use of certain motifs that its uniqueness. Batik Indonesia, as the overall engineering, technology, and development-related motives and culture, UNESCO has been designated a Cultural Heritage for Humanity Oral and Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) since October 2, 2009.
The word "batik" comes from the combination of two Javanese word "amba", meaning "writing" and "point" which means "point"
History of Batik in Indonesia
Batik art still flourish in Indonesia, known by the whole society. When we compare what we know today batik with batik decades ago, not so much change; both materials, as well as coraknya way. Nature is what causes the batik art is easy to learn, from generation to generation (Widodo, 1982: 2).
Regarding the origin of Batik Indonesia, there are some opinions:
Judging from the History of Culture
Prof. Dr. R.M. Sutjipto Wirjosuparta stated that prior to the entry of Indian culture of Indonesia has known techniques to make batik cloth (Widodo, 1983: 2).
Judging from the design process batikdan "Loax-resist tehnique"
Prof. Dr. Alfred Steinmann suggested that:
1.There has been such a batik in Japan in the Nara dynasty called "Ro-Kechr", in China in the T'ang dynasty, in Bangkok and the Eastern Turkestan. Batik design of these areas are generally patterned geometric, batik Indonesia are more variations. Batik from South India (new start was made in 1516 in Palekat and Gujarat) is a type of wax batik paintings are known as batik Palekat. The development of batik India reached its peak in 17-19 centuries.
2. Areas in Indonesia are not affected culture of India, there are batik production, for example in Toraja, Sulawesi, Papua and Sumatra.
3. There are no similarities with ornaments ornaments batik batik Indonesia India. For example: in India there is no tumpal, tree life, caruda, and Isen, Isen and sawut cece.
Judging from history
Both Prof. M. Yamin and Prof. Dr. R.M. Sutjipto Wirjosuparta, argued that the batik in Indonesia has been around since the days of Srivijaya, China in the Sung or T'ang dynasty (7-9 centuries). Batik-producing towns, among others: Pekalongan, Solo, Yogyakarta, Lasem, Banyumas, Purbalingga, Surakarta, Cirebon, Tasikmalaya, Tulunggagung, Roxburgh, Jakarta, Tegal, Indramayu, Ciamis, Garut, Kebumen, Purworejo, Klaten, Boyolali, Sidoarjo , Mojokerto, Gresik, Ghost, and Wonogiri (Widodo, 1983: 2-3).
History of batik is expected to start in prehistoric times in the form prabatik and achieve its development process in the time of the Hindu. Environment in accordance with the time of Hindu art and culture is the art of batik art palace. With bakuan tradition continued in the days of Islam. Results achieved in the time of the Hindus, both technically and aesthetically, in the days of Islam are developed and updated with new elements (Yudaseputro, 2000: 97).
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